Malaria

By Sophie Van Wambeke

Was Belgium once covered by a thick jungle at some point in the late nineteenth century, hosting tropical diseases? Of course not! Yet one disease that is now associated almost exclusively with the tropics was once found in Belgium and Europe. Today, malaria still causes high mortality, especially among children in Sub Saharan Africa. Where was this disease found in our regions and why did it eventually disappear?

What is Malaria?

What Is Malaria?

Malaria is a serious disease spread by infected Anopheles mosquitoes carrying Plasmodium parasites. It usually causes fever and chills, but without treatment it can become life-threatening.

Where does it occur?

Today, malaria is most common in tropical regions, but it was once widespread across Europe, including northern areas. The disease was often linked to marshes, wetlands, and mosquito-rich environments.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Malaria is diagnosed using a microscope and blood sample. In the past, and today, where microscopes are unavailable, diagnosis relies on symptoms. Treatments include quinine and modern medicines, although drug-resistant parasites increasingly complicate care.

Prevention and Control

Malaria prevention focuses on stopping mosquito bites using bednets, screens, and insecticides. Quickly treating infected people also helps reduce transmission and slow the spread of the disease.